Lanvis 40 mg tablets
- Name:
Lanvis 40 mg tablets
- Company:
Aspen
- Active Ingredients:
- Legal Category:
Product subject to medical prescription which may not be renewed (A)
Patient Information Leaflet Patient Information Leaflet last updated on medicines.ie: 05/04/17

XPIL
Package Leaflet: Information for the User
Package Leaflet: Information for the User
1 What Lanvis is and what it is used for
1 What Lanvis is and what it is used for
2 What you need to know before you take Lanvis
2 What you need to know before you take Lanvis
3 How to take Lanvis
3 How to take Lanvis
4 Possible side effects
4 Possible side effects
5 How to store Lanvis
5 How to store Lanvis
6 Contents of the pack and other information
6 Contents of the pack and other information
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Aspen

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Updated on 27 February 2019 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Improved presentation of SPC
Legal category: Product subject to medical prescription which may not be renewed (A)
Updated on 9 April 2018 SPC
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- New SPC for new product
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Updated on 9 April 2018 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 4.4 - Special warnings and precautions for use
- Change to section 4.6 - Pregnancy and lactation
- Change to section 5.3 - Preclinical safety data
- Change to section 10 - Date of revision of the text
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4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
UV exposure
Patients treated with Lanvis are more sensitive to the sun. Exposure to sunlight and UV light should be limited, and patients should be recommended to wear protective clothing and to use a sunscreen with a high protection factor (see section 5.3).
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Lanvis like other cytotoxic agents is potentially teratogenic (see section 5.3)..
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Reproductive toxicity
Administration of tioguanine to pregnant rats, at a dose of 0.3 times the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) was found to be highly toxic to rat fetuses but not to dams. The nature of the effects on foetal viability and development was highly dependent on the stage of gestation at the time of tioguanine administration.
Administration of Tioguanine before implantation induced 10 % of foetal death, 75% foetal resorption and 10% of complete destruction of the litters. When tioguanine was administered at the time of implantation, all of the foetuses died.
Tioguanine was teratogenic in rats at doses of 0.37 and 0.75 times the MRHD when administered on the 12th days of gestation (corresponding to the organogenesis period). It induced a decrease in placental weight and foetal malformations that included: i) skeletal defects, ii) ventral hernia, iii) hydrocephalous and, iv) situs inversus (see section 4.6).
Genotoxicity
Tioguanine at doses of 0.03 and 0.06 times the MRHD induced a highly significant dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice, indicating that it induces genotoxic damage in vivo. This in vivo data is supported by in vitro studies showing that cell culture treatment with tioguanine (at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 4 uM) also induced DNA damage.
Biologically relevant doses of ultraviolet A (UVA) generate ROS in cultured cells with tioguanine-substituted DNA and tioguanine and UVA are synergistically mutagenic (see section 4.4).
Carcinogenicity
In view of its action on DNA, tioguanine is potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic.
10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
April 2018 7
Updated on 6 April 2017 SPC
Reasons for updating
- New SPC for new product
Legal category: Product subject to medical prescription which may not be renewed (A)
Updated on 6 April 2017 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 4.2 - Posology and method of administration
- Change to section 4.4 - Special warnings and precautions for use
- Change to section 4.5 - Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
- Change to section 4.8 - Undesirable effects
- Change to section 4.9 - Overdose
- Change to section 5.2 - Pharmacokinetic properties
- Change to section 10 - Date of revision of the text
Legal category: Product subject to medical prescription which may not be renewed (A)
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4.2 Posology and method of administration
Special populations:
Patients with NUDT15 variant
Patients with inherited mutated NUDT15 gene are at increased risk for severe thiopurine toxicity, such as early leukopenia and alopecia, from conventional doses of thiopurine therapy and generally require substantial dose reduction. Patients of Asian ethnicity are particularly at risk, due to the increased frequency of the mutation in this population. The optimal starting dose for heterozygous or homozygous deficient patients has not been established.
Genotypic and phenotypic testing of NUDT15 variants should be considered before initiating thiopurine therapy in all patients (including paediatric patients) to reduce the risk of thiopurine-related severe leukocytopenia and alopecia, especially in Asian populations (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency
There are individuals with an inherited deficiency of the enzyme TPMT who may be unusually sensitive to the myelosuppressive effect of tioguanine and prone to developing rapid bone marrow depression following the initiation of treatment with Lanvis. This problem could be exacerbated by coadministration with drugs that inhibit TPMT, such as olsalazine, mesalazine or sulphasalazine. Some laboratories offer testing for TPMT deficiency, although these tests have not been shown to identify all patients at risk of severe toxicity. Therefore close monitoring of blood counts is still necessary.
NUDT15 Mutation
Patients with inherited mutated NUDT15 gene are at increased risk for severe thiopurine toxicity, such as early leukopenia and alopecia, from conventional doses of thiopurine therapy and generally require substantial dose reduction. Patients of Asian ethnicity are particularly at risk, due to the increased frequency of the mutation in this population. The optimal starting dose for heterozygous or homozygous deficient patients has not been established. Genotypic and phenotypic testing of NUDT15 variants should be considered before initiating thiopurine therapy in all patients (including paediatric patients) to reduce the risk of thiopurine-related severe leukocytopenia and alopecia, especially in Asian populations (see sections 4.2 and 5.2).
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Vaccines
Vaccinations with live organism vaccines are not recommended in immunocompromised individuals (see section 4.4).
Other myelotoxic substances or radiation therapy
During concomitant administration of other myelotoxic substances or radiation therapy, the risk of myelosuppression is increased.
Allopurinol
The concomitant use of allopurinol to inhibit uric acid formation does not necessitate reduction of dosage of tioguanine as is necessary with mercaptopurine and azathioprine.
Aminosalicylate derivatives
As there is in vitro evidence that aminosalicylate derivatives (e.g. olsalazine, meslazine or sulphasalazine) inhibit the TPMT enzyme, they should be administered with caution to patients receiving concurrent Lanvis therapy (see section 4.4).
4.8 Undesirable effects
The following convention has been utilised for the classification of frequency of undesirable effects:- Very common 1/10 (10%), Common 1/100 and < 1/10 (1% and <10%), Uncommon 1/1000 and <1/100 (0.1% and <1%), Rare 1/10,000 and <1/1000 (0.01% and <0.1%), Very rare <1/10,000 (<0.01%).
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
4.9 Overdose
Symptoms and signs
TreatmentManagement
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
NUDT15 R139C (NUDT15 c.415C>T) Variant
Recent studies indicate that a strong association exists between the NUDT15 variant NUDT15 c.415C>T [p.Arg139Cys] (also known as NUDT15 R139C [rs116855232]), which is thought to lead to a loss of function of the NUDT15 enzyme, and thiopurine-mediated toxicity such as leukopenia and alopecia. The frequency of NUDT15 c.415C>T has an ethnic variability of 9.8 % in East Asians, 3.9 % in Hispanics, 0.2 % in Europeans and 0.0 % in Africans, indicating an increased risk for the Asian population. Patients who are NUDT15 variant homozygotes (NUDT15 T risk alleles) are at an excessive risk of thiopurine toxicity compared with the C homozygotes.
Reduced thiopurine doses for patients who carry the NUDT15 variants may decrease their risk of toxicity. Therefore, genotypic analysis determining NUDT15 genotype should be determined for all patients, including paediatric patients, prior to initiating thiopurine treatment (see section 4.2). The prescribing physician is advised to establish whether dose reduction is required based on patient response to treatment as well as their genetic profile.
Patients with variants in both the NUDT15 and TPMT enzymes are significantly less tolerant of thiopurines than those with risk alleles in only one of these two genes.
The precise mechanism of NUDT15-associated thiopurine-related toxicity is not understood.
10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
April 2017 Dec 2015
Updated on 5 April 2017 PIL
Reasons for updating
- New PIL for new product
Updated on 5 April 2017 PIL
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 2 - what you need to know - warnings and precautions
- Change to section 2 - pregnancy, breast feeding and fertility
- Change to section 3 - how to take/use
- Change to section 4 - possible side effects
- Change to section 6 - date of revision
Updated on 31 January 2017 PIL
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 6 - manufacturer
- Change to section 6 - date of revision
Updated on 5 January 2016 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 2 - Qualitative and quantitative composition
- Change to section 4.2 - Posology and method of administration
- Change to section 4.3 - Contraindications
- Change to section 4.4 - Special warnings and precautions for use
- Change to section 4.5 - Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
- Change to section 4.6 - Pregnancy and lactation
- Change to section 4.8 - Undesirable effects
- Change to section 4.9 - Overdose
- Change to section 5.1 - Pharmacodynamic properties
- Change to section 5.2 - Pharmacokinetic properties
- Change to section 5.3 - Preclinical safety data
- Change to section 8 - MA number
- Change to section 10 - Date of revision of the text
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2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Tablet containing 40 mg tioguanine.
Excipients with known effects:
Also contains 150 mg Lactose Monohydrate
For a the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
4.1 Therapeutic Indications
Lanvis is also used in the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
Lanvis can be used at any stage prior to mainte
For the paediatric population, similar dosages to those used in adults, with appropriate correction for body surface area, have been used.
nance therapy in short term cycles e.g. induction, consolidation, intensification. However it is not recommended for use during maintenance therapy or similar long term continuous treatments due to the high risk of liver toxicity (see Warnings and precautions and Adverse reactions section 4.4).
Paediatric populationChildren
For the paediatric population children, similar dosages to those used in adults, with appropriate correction for body surface area, have been used.
TPMT-deficient patients
Patients with inherited little or no thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity are at increased risk for severe tioguanine toxicity from conventional doses of Lanvis and generally require substantial dose reduction. The optimal starting dose for homozygous deficient patients has not been established (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).
Most patients with heterozygous TPMT deficiency can tolerate recommended Lanvis doses, but some may require dose reduction. Genotypic and phenotypic tests of TPMT are available (see sections 4.4 and 5.2). Consideration should be given to reducing the dosage in patients with impaired hepatic function.
Method of administration
Oral
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to tioguanine or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
In view of the seriousness of the indications there are no other absolute contraindications.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
LANVIS IS AN ACTIVE CYTOTOXIC AGENT FOR USE ONLY UNDER THE DIRECTION OF PHYSICIANS EXPERIENCED IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF SUCH AGENTS.
Immunisation using a live organism vaccine has the potential to cause infection in immunocompromised hosts. Therefore, immunisations with live organism vaccines are not recommended. In all cases, patients in remission should not receive live organism vaccines until at least 3 months after their chemotherapy treatment has been completed.
Monitoring
SINCE TIOGUANINE IS STRONGLY MYELOSUPPRESIVE FULL BLOOD COUNTS MUST BE CARRIED OUT FREQUENTLY DURING REMISSION INDUCTION. PATIENTS MUST BE CAREFULLY MONITORED DURING THERAPY.
UV exposure
Patients treated with Lanvis are more sensitive to the sun. Exposure to sunlight and UV light should be limited, and patients should be recommended to wear protective clothing and to use a sunscreen with a high protection factor.
Lactose intolerance
Patients with lactose intolerance should be advised that Lanvis contains a small amount of lactose. Patients with rare hereditary disorders such as galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
Cross-resistance
There is usually a cross-resistance between tioguanine and mercaptopurine; it is therefore not to be expected that patients with a tumour resistant to one will respond to the other.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Vaccinations with live organism vaccines are not recommended in immunocompromised individuals (see section 4.4).
During concomitant administration of other myelotoxic substances or radiation therapy, the risk of myelosuppression is increased.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Fertility
4.8 Undesirable effects
The following convention has been utilised for the classification of frequency of undesirable effects:- Very common 1/10 (10%), Common 1/100 and < 1/10 (1% and <10%), Uncommon 1/1000 and <1/100 (0.1% and <1%), Rare 1/10,000 and <1/1000 (0.01% and <0.1%), Very rare <1/10,000 (<0.01%).
System Organ Class |
Frequency |
Side effects |
Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
Very common
|
Bone marrow failure (see section 4.4).
|
Gastrointestinal disorders |
Common |
Stomatitis, gastrointestinal disorder. |
Rare |
Necrotising colitis. |
|
Hepatobiliary disordersa |
Very common
|
Venoocclusive liver disease: hyperbilirubinaemia, hepatomegaly, weight increased due to fluid retention and ascites.
Portal hypertension: splenomegaly, varices oesophageal and thrombocytopenia.
Hepatic enzyme increased, blood alkaline phosphatase increased and gamma glutamyltransferase increased, jaundice, portal fibrosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, peliosis hepatitis. |
Common |
Venoocclusive liver disease in short-term cyclical therapy. |
|
Rare |
Hepatic necrosis. |
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
Common |
Hyperuricaemia (see section 4.4). |
Renal and urinary disorders |
Common |
Hyperuricosuria and urate nephropathy (see section 4.4). |
a see description of selected adverse reactions
Description of selected adverse reactions:
Hepatobiliary disorders
The liver toxicity associated with vascular endothelial damage occurs at a frequency of very common when tioguanine is used in maintenance or similar long term continuous therapy which is not recommended (see sections 4.2 and 4.4).
Usually presenting as the clinical syndrome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (hyperbilirubinaemia, tender hepatomegaly, weight gain due to fluid retention and ascites) or signs and symptoms of portal hypertension (splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and oesophageal varices). Elevation of liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase and jaundice may also occur. Histopathological features associated with this toxicity include hepatoportal sclerosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, peliosis hepatis and periportal fibrosis.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via:
HPRA Pharmacovigilance, Earlsfort Terrace, IRL - Dublin 2. Tel: +353 1 6764971. Fax: +353 1 6762517. Website: www.hpra.ie; e-mail: medsafety@hpra.ie
4.9 Overdose
Symptoms and signs
Treatment
As there is no known antidote the blood picture should be closely monitored and general supportive measures, together with appropriate blood transfusion instituted if necessary. Further management should be as clinically indicated or as recommended by the national poisons centre, where available.
5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Anti-neoplastic and immunomodulating agent/purine analogue, ATC code: L01BB03
Pharmacodynamic effects
There is usually a cross-resistance between tioguanine and mercaptopurine; it is therefore not to be expected that patients with a tumour resistant to one will respond to the other.
Distribution
Limited data on the distribution of tioguanine in humans are available in the scientific literature.
6- tioguanine penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following constant IV infusion administration after doses of 20 mg/m2/h over 24 hours in the paediatric population with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Biotransformation
Tioguanine is extensively metabolised in vivo. The four different enzymes responsible for tioguanine metabolism are as follows: hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyl transferase (H(G)PRT), which converts tioguanine into thioguanosine monophosphate (6-TGMP), which is further metabolized by protein kinases to the active species, tioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN); TPMT, which converts tioguanine to 6-methyltioguanine (6-MTG, inactive metabolite) as well as 6-TGMP to 6-methyl-TGMP (an inactive metabolite) and xanthine oxidase (XDH or XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO), which also convert tioguanine into inactive metabolites. Tioguanine is initially deaminated by guanine deaminase (GDA) to form 6-thioxanthine (6-TX) and this becomes a substrate for the XDH catalysed formation of 6-thiouric acid (6-TUA).
5.3 Preclinical safety data
In view of its action on DNA, tioguanine is potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic.
Disposal
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER
PA 1691/006/001
10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
December March 2015
Updated on 4 January 2016 PIL
Reasons for updating
- Change to storage instructions
- Change to how the medicine works
- Change to further information section
- Change to date of revision
- Addition of information on reporting a side effect.
Updated on 14 January 2014 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 7 - Marketing authorisation holder
- Change to section 10 - Date of revision of the text
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Aspen Pharma Trading Limited
IFSC
Dublin 1
Citywest Business Campus
Dublin 24
Ireland
10. Date of Revision of Text
Updated on 14 January 2014 PIL
Reasons for updating
- Change to date of revision
- Change to MA holder contact details
Updated on 31 January 2013 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Correction of spelling/typing errors
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Updated on 11 January 2013 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Improved electronic presentation
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Updated on 24 October 2012 PIL
Reasons for updating
- Correction of spelling/typing errors
Updated on 4 May 2011 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 7 - Marketing authorisation holder
- Change to section 8 - MA number
- Change to section 10 - Date of revision of the text
- SPC retired pending re-submission
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Updated on 3 May 2011 PIL
Reasons for updating
- Change to marketing authorisation holder
Updated on 28 August 2009 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 10 - Date of revision of the text
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Changed Nov 2004 to Dec 2004
Updated on 17 November 2008 PIL
Reasons for updating
- Change to name of manufacturer
Updated on 4 August 2005 PIL
Reasons for updating
- Improved electronic presentation
Updated on 5 January 2005 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 4.4 - Special warnings and precautions for use
- Change to section 4.5 - Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
- Change to section 4.8 - Undesirable effects
Legal category: Product subject to medical prescription which may not be renewed (A)
Updated on 15 October 2004 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 4.2 - Posology and method of administration
- Change to section 4.3 - Contraindications
- Change to section 4.4 - Special warnings and precautions for use
- Change to section 4.5 - Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
- Change to section 4.8 - Undesirable effects
Legal category: Product subject to medical prescription which may not be renewed (A)
Updated on 13 October 2004 PIL
Reasons for updating
- New PIL for medicines.ie
Updated on 6 August 2004 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Change to section 1 - Name of medicinal product
- Change to section 2 - Qualitative and quantitative composition
- Change to section 3 - Pharmaceutical form
- Change to section 4.4 - Special warnings and precautions for use
- Change to section 4.8 - Undesirable effects
- Change to section 4.5 - Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
- Change to section 9 - Date of renewal of authorisation
- Change to section 10 - Date of revision of the text
- Change to section 6.1 - List of excipients
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Updated on 15 August 2003 SPC
Reasons for updating
- Improved electronic presentation
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